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  Jean Piaget • Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. • Piaget, emphasized the importance of the physical environment development; • He also gave emphasis on the biological abilities we inherit heredity and somewhere ignored the social aspect. • He is also known as the father of Child Psychology. • Piaget was a radical constructivist who believed in the inde construction of knowledge by a child himself. Important Terms: • Schema  • Assimilation • Accommodation • Reversibility • Equilibrium • Object permanence • Egocentrism. • Animism. • Conservation. • Hypothetico-deductive reasoning • Collective Monologue • Transitivity Schema:  Schema is a set pattern or organized categories of information and relationship between these categories.  E.g.  Books, relationships, devices, monuments etc. Assimilation:  is the process of incorporating new information into the schemes. Accommodation:  is the process of adjusting or mani...

  Socialization • Every society has its own codes of conduct, rules, and regulations, norms and values. • Every culture clearly demarcates acceptable and unacceptable behavior in different social contexts. What is socialization? • Socialization is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. • This process works at two different levels: one within the individual which is called internalization. • And the other form includes the outside factors such as parents, other family members, peers, etc. Features of Socialization  1. Inculcates basic discipline.  2. Helps to control human behavior. 3. Socialization takes place formally and informally.  4. Socialization is a continuous process that goes on throughout life. Types of socialization: 1. Primary Socialization:  Primary socialization takes place in the initial years of one's life, starting from childhood . In primary Socialization, first the identity of a person is forme...

Table of Content Growth & Development Socialization Process Cognitive & Moral Development Child-Centered & Progressive Education Concept of Intelligence Language & Thought Gender as a Social construct, Gender roles, Gender bias, and Educational Practice Learning Theories Pedagogical Issues Supplementary Reading

  Growth and Development Human beings are not static entities, they keep on changing. Let's understand this change in terms of growth and development. Growth • Growth is change in quantitative aspects of our body • Changes that can be measured such as height, weight,size and shape of the body. • Growth is not a lifelong process. It goes on till maturity. Development  Development refers to systematic changes which lead an individual from dependency to self-reliance throughout his lifetime i.e going from womb to tomb. It means development begins before birth i.e from the prenatal period or from the time of conception and continues till an individual dies i.e his tomb. In this time period an individual grows in many ways such as physically, mentally, emotionally etc.   The development includes progressive and relatively permanent changes and these changes can not be reversed; changes which occur due to some illness or tiredness do not get count in development...